2014-2016 impact: Illustration Social Security: India: NDWM's strategy to distribute pending social pensions

Kerala: campaign organized at Secretariat in the capital has resulted in the decision of Govt. to distribute the pending social pensions to the Domestic Workers. The campaign was a result of joint discussions of the domestic workers in the regional level meeting. The group has identified that the campaign as a strategy to fight for their rights.

Jharkhand: We have been working on the themes of Labour Rights and Social Protection in the past years through the WSM program. Both these themes are very relevant to our situation in India as a whole. During the last WSM program (pre-2014) we in Jharkhand first worked on the theme of labour rights and through different means and strategies got the Department of Labour to fix the wages for domestic workers. This was a success. Then we took up the issue of social protection. For almost two years along with our leaders we met the concerned Ministers and Government officials a number of times and requested them to implement the Social Security Act, but all in vain. Then in the end of 2012 we filed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the High Court of Jharkhand requesting the Court to intervene in this matter.

The year 2014 is special for us as the High Court gave a positive verdict on our behalf and gave clear directions to the Government to take steps implement the Act. This implies that the Government has no choice but to implement the Act in its true sense. For NDWM it is an achievement, because, the State was very cool about the social protection issues and now is forced to act, otherwise the petitioner, that is, NDWM can file a contempt of Court petition in the same court.
This implies that more than 90% of the total workforce in Jharkhand State including domestic workers will now not be turned down but be enrolled into welfare Boards and be able to avail the existing schemes on social protection. We will be closely monitoring the activities of the Government in this regard so that we can bring to the notice of the court if any negligence is shown by the Government.

Thus the target before us for 2015 and the years to come is to ensure that social protection becomes a reality, that aged workers can live in dignity, health is ensured, education of the children is guaranteed, dignified housing and other benefits are made available to the informal workers.

2014-2016 impact: Social security

IMPACT
Achieved at 185%: 42.440 informed workers got coverage of social security schemes (retirement, maternity leave, health insurance…) through support from NDWM and CWM in India.

OUTPUT

	Number of people	To which extend achieved planned
Awareness raising	190.698	273%
Basic training	8.882	93%

Cambodia: More than 700.000 workers from 1.029 companies have now access to the social security, of which at least 20.600 are new members of CLC. In May 2016 the health insurance system started up, although only workers in Phnom Penh, Kandal and Kampong Speu provinces are being covered. Both worker and employer contribute 1,3% of the salary each. The workers receive a free pre check-up and the treatment is also for free (except the serious treatments, like teeth operations and facial surgery). During the treatment a worker who is on sick leave receives 70% of its wage (for 6 months). The same goes for pregnant women: for the 9 months maternity leave, they receive 70% of their monthly wage from the social security and 50% from the employer, which means a monthly income of 120% of their regular salary. Health insurance for the public sector has also started in 2016 and discussions for pension schemes are ongoing.

2014-2016 impact: Social economy

IMPACT
Achieved at 120%. 13 new cooperatives are providing 350 families with a stable extra income.
Achieved at 311%. 1.832 vulnerable workers started their own Income Generating Activities through AREDS in India.

	Number of people	To which extend achieved planned
Basic training on income generating activities	2.638	149%
Organizing into cooperatives	799	89%

2014-2016 impact: Illustration Vocational: What drives Bangladeshi women?

In Bangladesh, GK is one of the main health providers. It started by training women paramedics and also taught them to ride bicycles, which was not evident in Bangladesh, and against fundamentalism, promoting equal opportunities. Since 1980s, GK also recruited marginalized women from the rural areas to learn how to drive cars, and then facilitated driving licences from the government. This met with much success, and a formal school for women drivers was inaugurated mid-1990s in the south, Cox Bazars. Since that time, around 100 women were trained and GK currently employs 12 female drivers, which draw a lot of attention when driving across the cities and countryside. In 2014, BRAC also took over this training for women. Since it became such a flagship programme, in 2016, GK gathered 38 of the trained women drivers and they were all working, mostly in NGO, UN agencies, hotels, less for families or private cars. Currently, since GK is also heavily involved in humanitarian support for the Roshingya refugees, they are also looking to employ Roshingya female drivers, but it won’t be easy to obtain driving permits for them.

2014-2016 impact: vocational skill training

IMPACT
Achieved at 88%: 175 workers from Bangladesh found permanent jobs through GK.
Achieved at 233%. 279 female workers started their own business.
Achieved at 87%. 26 children and adolescents found permanent jobs or were granted access to higher education.

OUTPUT

	Number of people	To which extend achieved planned
Basic training	599 427	132% 114%
Career counselling	53 children	63%

2014-2016 impact: Illustration labour rights: migration

Labour migration largely occurs under temporary migration regimes and for less skilled work. Migrants often fill jobs unattractive to nationals, the infamous three Ds: Dirty, Dangerous and Demeaning. Examples of this are the Nepali and Indian migrants travelling to Gulf countries like Qatar to work as domestic or construction workers. Migrant workers make an enormous development contribution to the region’s economies – through skills, labour, services and competitiveness in countries of destination; and financial remittances, skills and knowledge upon return to their countries of origin. In destination countries many migrant workers fill labour market niches by doing jobs that nationals do not want or cannot fill. Yet many migrant workers in the region are subject to labour exploitation and abuse during recruitment and employment. Several of the WSM partners focus on organizing and defending labour migrants rights.

2014-2016 impact: Illustration labour rights: Indonesia

Faisal, one of 1.300 workers at a company called PT Indonesia Wacoal, where GARTEKS obtained better rights, such as social security coverage: accident, death and old age insurance. Faisal: "Moreover, since 2015, management also agreed to provide pension funds to all workers. Paid holidays have been obtained. Short term contracts can become permanent by union recommendation or selection from management. A wage scale according to duration of employment is being practiced. Freedom of Association is formally recognized and respected by the owner." All these advantages led to 916 workers out of total workforce of 1.300 becoming members of GARTEKS.

KSBSI: Mesdi from PT Benua Perkasatama: "My company produces various crude palm oil based products and owns the world’s palm oil refinery in the world and is among the biggest players in the vegetable oil refining and soap manufacturing industries in Indonesia. I am the chair of the negotiation team which concludes collective bargaining agreements for the plant level union affiliated to KSBSI. KSBSI helped me a lot to conclude better CBAs through training and exchanges with other unions. Visits of from the national level leadership also showed our management the support we could count on. Even other trade unions came which gave more visibility to our demands and they could provide us with advice and assistance to find solutions to our problems. After the CBA negotiation, our members reap the benefits: improved working conditions, better social security coverage, minimum wage is respected, workers receive meals and transport allowances and occupational health and safety equipment are being provided at the factory."

2014-2016 impact: illutsration labour rights: India child domestic worker

Rashmi, age 17, is from Teklapada village in West Bengal, India. She was working as a domestic worker from the age of 8 in Athelbadi, West Bengal. After three years (probably in 2007) the employers took her to Patna Bihar. From then onward, she was neither allowed to talk to her parents, nor meet them. She used to do all kinds of household chores, like cooking, cleaning vessels, washing clothes, taking care of the children etc. When the employers called, she had to be there, if not, they used to beat her. One of her teeth is even broken. In spite of her hard work, they used to abuse her physically, verbally and mentally. She was confined to the house for so many long years that she wanted to go home very badly.

Rally organized by NDWM against Child Labour

In August 2014, she met a domestic worker working in the same apartment, who was affiliated to NDWM Bihar. She encouraged Rashmi to escape and put her in touch with NDWM. On 21st September early in the morning, Rashmi reached the office. The NDWM staff took the case to the Inspector General of Weaker Section, Bihar who directed the case to SC/ST Police, which contacted the employers. After five days of discussion and pressure, the employer agreed to pay half of her total salary and eventually, she received 150,000INR or nearly 2.000EUR. The employers also revealed the identity of the agent who had placed Rashmi and thus she could get back in touch with her mother. The people from Rashmi's village thought that she had died, but today, Rashmi is back home with her mother, happy with her family and relatives.

Through National Domestic Workers' Movement, India

2014-2016 Impact: Illustration Labour rights: Cambodia's minimum wage

C.CAWDU, the garment federation of CLC in Cambodia has seen its membership increase over the last three years from 63.760 members on 1 January 2013 to over 81.000 members in 2016, whereas the total number of members of the confederation is currently 93.000 workers. Perhaps the most spectacular result of the last 3 years is the raise of the monthly minimum wage in the garment sector: from 80 USD in 2013, the minimum wage went up to 100 USD in 2014, 128 USD in 2015, 140 USD in 2016 to 153 USD in 2017, which is way higher than the program objective of 120 USD. Although the trade union movement since the suppression of the minimum wage demonstrations in January 2014 has put forward a demand of 177 USD, it is undoubtedly so that the garment workers over the past 3 years have seen the largest increase in their income ever. It is needless to say that this result is mainly the effort of C.CAWDU and CLC, who over the last three years – with the support of WSM, ACV-CSC, the Clean Clothes Campaign, IndustriALL and UNI Global Union - have conducted a remarkable national and international campaign on ‘decent living wages’ to put pressure on the garment brands and retailers like C&A, H&M, Zara, Levi’s to increase the low wages of the Cambodian garment workers.

“Government sets minimum wage at $153 a month”, Phnom Penh Post, 30 September 2016

Throughout 2014-2016, CLC and C.CAWDU have made a lot of progress in formulating their political demands and developing policy proposals, negotiating with local employers and lobbying international brands and the Cambodian government. 2015 was the first time that they succeeded in mobilizing up to 200.000 garment workers to show their support for the minimum wage target of 177 USD per month, through ‘soft’ industrial action (awareness raising and informing colleagues in the factory, campaigning). The same year they learned to collaborate with the other Asian partner organizations of WSM and to formulate their demands into a position paper on social protection in Asia, which they defended towards the ASEAN Forum on Labour and Migration and towards the meeting of the ASEAN Trade Union Council. In November 2016, 46 staff members of CLC familiarized themselves with one specific ILO supervisory procedure to denounce violations of core labour standards in Cambodia in a workshop that was organized by WSM’s advocacy department.

Training on ILO supervisory system for CLC and C.CAWDU, November 2016

2014-2016 impact: Standards and rights at work

This is the area most of our partners focus on, and not only the trade unions. International labour standards are first and foremost about the development of people as human beings. In the ILO's Declaration of Philadelphia of 1944, the international community recognized that "labour is not a commodity". Indeed, labour is not like an apple or a television set, an inanimate product that can be negotiated for the highest profit or the lowest price. Work is part of everyone's daily life and is crucial to a person's dignity, well-being and development as a human being. Economic development should include the creation of jobs and working conditions in which people can work in freedom, safety and dignity. In short, economic development is not undertaken for its own sake but to improve the lives of human beings; international labour standards are there to ensure that it remains focused on improving human life and dignity. Though international and national standards often exist to protect workers, their knowledge of these rights are essential to their respect and implementation.

During 2014-2016:

• nearly 43.000 workers benefited from training and got better knowledge of the Right to Social Protection, or 104% of the planned impact. 
• Over 140.000 workers were informed of their labour rights through awareness raising campaigns. 
• Nearly 9.000 workers benefited from legal assistance. 
• Trade unions providing quality services to workers also translates into increased membership, which was achieved at 130%, as partner organisations were reinforced with 77.803 new members, mostly through CFTUI in India which grew with 30.840 members.

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2014-2016: Strength in numbers

709.542: the number of people whose lives improved in some way because of contributions from the 2014-2016 programme, instead of the planned 537.250 people.

What do we understand by “improve” in this case? Two main areas:

1. Better jobs: 42.854 workers can defend their labour rights better after training, 139.850 have increased awareness and legal aid allowed 8.977 vulnerable workers to improve their jobs. These improved services also led to an increase in organized members, with 77.803 new members, 30% more than planned. Also, 3.712 people saw their income improve through income generating activities.
2. Coverage: after three years, 42.440 workers have better social security and 351.466 people had an increased access to health.

2014-2016 impact: Social economy illustration: Cooperative of domestic workers

The National Domestic Workers Federation (NDWF) in India started up an innovative project to organize domestic workers into cooperatives with the assistance of ILO. Though currently piloted only in Jharkand, one of the Indian states, 132 domestic workers bought into a newly created cooperative by buying 300 shares at 1,5€ a piece. Once joined, this cooperative trained the members, all women domestic workers and jointly, they drafted a standard two page contract which specifies their working conditions. This is a procedure almost unheard of, as hardly any domestic workers have specific or explicit contracts, let alone written ones. They approached their employers and 51 of them agreed to sign, which meant the domestic workers had guaranteed advantages, like one paid leave day per week, maternity leave, fixed salary etc. The employer also agrees that an additional 5% to the salary is contributed for social security, which the cooperative organizes for all members, enrolling them in welfare boards, paying health insurances, contributing to pension schemes etc. Next to that, the cooperative can also make loans to its members or start producing food items to sell, of which the proceeds would go to the cooperative and be shared among the members as shareholders.

2014-2016 impact: Looking at the new Indonesian Social Security: interview with Rekson

In the past three years and thanks to continued pressure from the trade unions, Indonesia has set up a historical system of universal social security and health with a tripartite structure. We met with Rekson Silaban, Commissioner BPJS Ketenagakerjaan (Employment), one of the two elected board members on behalf of the trade unions to discuss the achievements and challenges of this system.

History
After independence, Indonesia had only a couple of limited specific schemes, only for formal and public sector. In 2004, Indonesia passed law n°40 for a social security institution, Jamsotek, which was trying to expand social security schemes to the private sector but which faced many challenges in its implementation, with limited payouts and where any profits went to the state. After three annual general strikes demanding social security, legislation n° 24 was passed in 2011, which organized social security related to work, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan.
BPJS Employment was established in January 2014 and is fully operational since July 2015 with 336 offices countrywide. Their philosophy is based on the independency philosophy and pride to settle socio-economic risks. Independency means no dependence on other people in financing healthcare treatment, senior age life, and family following a death. Pride means such security is obtained as a right instead of other people's act of sympathy. To accomplish optimal financing and benefits, the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan programme is conducted collectively, in which the younger generation assists the older generation, healthy people assist ill persons, and higher-income persons assist lower-income people. This system was newly non-for-profit, which for the first time doesn’t return profit to government but is being re-invested in the social security (in 2015, profit of almost 40 million€ or 624 billion IDR). By end 2015, 2.000 companies and 20 million workers were covered, out of Indonesian total workforce of 100 million people. In 2015, they have seen a 15% increase from 16,79 million to 19,27 million workers affiliated, which is still only one out of five workers.